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Uninstall quarkxpress 2016 free

We читать статью your input on our documentation. Please let us know how we could make it better. To do so:. Based uninstall quarkxpress 2016 free Fedora 28 and uninstall quarkxpress 2016 free upstream kernel 4. Highlights of the release include:. See Section 5. The applications in Red Hat Customer Portal Labs can help you improve performance, quickly troubleshoot issues, identify security problems, and quickly deploy and configure complex applications.

Some of the most popular applications are:. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8. Make sure you purchase the appropriate subscription for each architecture. For a list of available subscriptions, see Subscription Utilization on the Customer Portal. For automated Kickstart installations and other advanced topics, see the Performing an advanced 8 RHEL installation document. Content in the BaseOS repository is intended to provide the core set of the underlying OS functionality that provides the foundation for all installations.

For a list of packages distributed through BaseOS, see the Package manifest. Content in the Application Stream repository includes additional user space applications, runtime languages, and databases in support of the varied workloads and use cases. For a list of packages available in AppStream, see the Package manifest.

It provides additional packages for use by developers. Packages included in the CodeReady Linux Builder uninstall quarkxpress 2016 free are unsupported.

Multiple versions of user space components are now delivered and жмите more frequently than the core operating system packages.

This provides greater flexibility to customize Red Hat Enterprise Linux without impacting the underlying stability of the platform or specific deployments. Modules are collections of packages representing a logical unit: an application, a language stack, a database, or a set of uninstall quarkxpress 2016 free. These packages are built, tested, and released together. Module streams represent versions of the Application Stream components.

For example, several streams versions of the PostgreSQL database server are available in the postgresql module with the default postgresql stream. Only one module stream can uninstall quarkxpress 2016 free installed on больше информации system. Different versions can be used in separate containers. Detailed module commands are described uninstall quarkxpress 2016 free the Installing, managing, and removing user-space components document.

For a list of modules available in AppStream, see the Package manifest. We deliberately adhere to usage of the yum term for consistency with previous major versions of RHEL. However, if uninstall quarkxpress 2016 free type dnf instead of yumthe command works as expected because yum is an alias to dnf for compatibility. The rhel-system-roles packages, which provide a configuration interface for RHEL subsystems, have been updated.

Notable changes include:. The sos-collector packages have been updated to version 1. This regression is not caused by Microarchitectural Data Sampling MDS mitigations; it can be observed with the mitigations both on and off.

This part describes new features and major enhancements introduced in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8. In this section, users can enable or disable the firewall, as well as add, remove, and uninstall quarkxpress 2016 free firewall rules. Uninstall quarkxpress 2016 free addition, on a non-minimal installation of RHEL 8, the web console is automatically installed and firewall ports required by the console are automatically open. A system message has also been added prior to login that provides information about how to enable or access the web console.

This includes the following benefits:. Note that for IdM integration with the web console to work properly, the user first needs to run the ipa-advise utility with the enable-admins-sudo option in the IdM master system. With this update, the web console menus and pages can be navigated on mobile browser variants. This makes it possible to manage systems uninstall quarkxpress 2016 free the RHEL 8 web console from a mobile device. The web console front page now displays missing updates and subscriptions.

If a system managed by the RHEL 8 web console has outdated packages or a lapsed subscription, a warning is now displayed on the web console front page of the system. This uses the Clevis decryption client to facilitate a variety of security management functions in the web console, such as automatic unlocking of LUKS-encrypted disk partitions.

The Virtual Machines page can now be added to the RHEL 8 web console interface, which enables the user to create and manage libvirt-based virtual machines. When booting from a binary DVD, the installer prompts uninstall quarkxpress 2016 free user to enter additional kernel parameters.

To set the DVD as an installation source, append inst. The new feature eliminates the requirement of an uninstall quarkxpress 2016 free network setup and expands the installation options. LUKS2 provides many improvements and features, for example, it extends the capabilities of the on-disk format and provides flexible ways of storing metadata. Previously, Anaconda did not provide system purpose information to Subscription Manager. In Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8. When the installation completes, Subscription Manager uses the system purpose information when subscribing the system.

Previously, it was not possible for the pykickstart library to provide system purpose information to Subscription Manager. The information is then passed to Anacondasaved on the newly-installed system, and available for Subscription Manager when subscribing the system.

Anaconda supports a uninstall quarkxpress 2016 free kernel boot parameter in RHEL 8. Previously, you could only specify a base repository from the kernel boot parameters. In Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8, a new kernel parameter, inst. This parameter has two mandatory values: the name of the repository and the URL that points uninstall quarkxpress 2016 free the repository.

This feature works for the first base repository that is loaded during installation. For example, if you boot the installation with no repository configured and have the unified ISO as the base repository in the GUI, or if you boot the installation using the inst.

You cannot remove the AppStream repository or change its settings but you can disable it in Installation Source. This feature does not work if you boot the installation using a different base repository and then change it to the unified ISO. If you do that, the здесь repository is replaced.

However, the AppStream repository is not replaced and points to the original file. The Anaconda installer has been extended to handle all features related to application streams: modules, streams and profiles. Kickstart scripts can now enable module and stream combinations, install module profiles, and install modular packages.

The nosmt boot option is now available in uninstall quarkxpress 2016 free RHEL 8 installation options. The nosmt boot option is available in the installation options that are passed to a newly-installed RHEL 8 system.

RHEL 8 supports installing from a repository on a local hard drive. In RHEL 8, you can enable installation from a repository on a local hard drive. You only need to specify the directory instead of the ISO image. Image Builder is available in AppStream in the lorax-composer package. With Image Builder, users can create custom system images which include additional packages.

Image Builder functionality can be accessed through:. Added new kickstart commands: authselect and modules. With this update, support for bit physical addressing PA for the bit ARM architecture is available. This provides larger address space than previous bit PA. The physical bus addressing line put the physical memory upper limit capacity at 64 TB. With the extended address range, the uninstall quarkxpress 2016 free management in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 adds support for 5-level page table implementation, to be able to handle uninstall quarkxpress 2016 free expanded address range.

In all versions of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7, the kernel-signing-ca. However, in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8, kernel-signing-ca.

However, note that using Retpolines in some cases may not fully mitigate Spectre V2. This document also states that the risk of an attack is low.

BZ This update brings consistency with Intel systems where DMA remapping is also disabled by default. Uninstall quarkxpress 2016 free may disable such behavior and enable DMA remapping by specifying either iommu. Red Hat Enterprise Linux kernel now fully supports future Intel processors with up to 5 levels of page tables.

This enables the processors to support up to 4PB of physical memory and PB of virtual address space. Applications that utilize large amounts of memory can now use as uninstall quarkxpress 2016 free memory as possible as provided by the system without the constraints of 4-level page tables.

The bpftool utility that serves for inspection and simple manipulation ссылка на продолжение programs and maps based on extended Berkeley Packet Filtering eBPF has been added into the Linux kernel. The kernel-rt sources have been updated.

The kernel-rt sources have been updated to use the latest RHEL kernel source tree. The latest kernel source tree is now using the upstream v4. YUM performance improvement and support for modular content. YUM v4 is compatible with YUM v3 when using from the command line, editing or creating configuration files.

For installing software, you can use the yum command and its uninstall quarkxpress 2016 free options in the same way as uninstall quarkxpress 2016 free RHEL 7.

They also provide compatibility symlinks, so the binaries, configuration files and directories can be found in usual locations. If any such change negatively impacts your workflows, please open a case with Red Hat Support, as described in How do I open and manage a support case on the Customer Portal?

File Overview.Uninstall quarkxpress 2016 free

The system administrators are now able to configure the session recording locally and view the result from the RHEL 8 web console interface or from the Command-Line Interface using the tlog-play utility. This update introduces the authselect utility that simplifies the configuration of user authentication on RHEL 8 hosts, replacing the authconfig utility. Note that authselect does not configure services required to join remote domains.

This task is performed by specialized tools, such as realmd or ipa-client-install. This update introduces the following changes breaking compatibility with previous versions:. As a result, all wide character and multi-byte character APIs including transliteration and conversion between character sets provide accurate and correct information conforming to this standard.

The boost package is now independent of Python. With this update, installing the boost package no longer installs the Boost. Python library as a dependency. In order to use Boost. Python , you need to explicitly install the boost-python3 or boost-python3-devel packages. A new compat-libgfortran package available. For compatibility with Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 and 7 applications using the Fortran library, a new compat-libgfortran compatibility package is now available, which provides the libgfortran.

This update adds support for retpolines to GCC. A retpoline is a software construct used by the kernel to reduce overhead of mitigating Spectre Variant 2 attacks described in CVE Enhanced support for the bit ARM architecture in toolchain components. For example:. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 includes version 2. Notable improvements include:. The CMake build system version 3. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 is distributed with the make build tool version 4.

For more details and differences between the operator and the function, see the GNU make manual. Note that as a consequence, variables with a name ending in exclamation mark and immediately followed by assignment, such as variable! To restore the previous behavior, add a space after the exclamation mark, such as variable! SystemTap version 4. Improvements in binutils version 2. Performance Co-Pilot version 4. This update enables hardware features which allow per-thread page protection flag changes.

With this update, by default GCC on the IBM Z architecture builds code for the z13 processor, and the code is tuned for the z14 processor. Users can override this default by explicitly using options for target architecture and tuning.

In Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8, the elfutils package is available in version 0. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 is distributed with the Valgrind executable code analysis tool version 3. For more information about the new options and their known limitations, see the valgrind 1 manual page. In RHEL 8, glibc locales and translations are no longer provided by the single glibc-common package.

Instead, every locale and language is available in a glibc-langpack- CODE package. Additionally, in most cases not all locales are installed by default, only these selected in the installer. Users must install all further locale packages that they need separately, or if they wish they can install glibc-all-langpacks to get the locales archive containing all the glibc locales installed as before. For more information, see Using langpacks. Previously, the Go standard cryptographic library always used its FIPS mode unless it was explicitly disabled at build time of the application using the library.

The XFS file system supports shared copy-on-write data extent functionality. This feature enables two or more files to share a common set of data blocks. When either of the files sharing common blocks changes, XFS breaks the link to common blocks and creates a new file.

This is similar to the copy-on-write COW functionality found in other file systems. This functionality is also used by kernel subsystems such as Overlayfs and NFS for more efficient operation.

Shared copy-on-write data extents are now enabled by default when creating an XFS file system, starting with the xfsprogs package version 4. To create an XFS file system without this feature, use the following command:. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 can mount XFS file systems with shared copy-on-write data extents only in the read-only mode.

In RHEL 8, the mkfs. Growing a smaller file system that does not meet these requirements to a new size greater than TiB is not supported. With this update, ext4 metadata is protected by checksums. This enables the file system to recognize the corrupt metadata, which avoids damage and increases the file system resilience.

For the list of supported architectures, see Chapter 2, Architectures. The BOOM boot manager simplifies the process of creating boot entries. It enables flexible boot configuration and simplifies the creation of new or modified boot entries: for example, to boot snapshot images of the system created using LVM. BOOM does not modify the existing boot loader configuration, and only inserts additional entries. The existing configuration is maintained, and any distribution integration, such as kernel installation and update scripts, continue to function as before.

The dm-crypt subsystem and the cryptsetup tool now uses LUKS2 as the default format for encrypted volumes. LUKS2 provides encrypted volumes with metadata redundancy and auto-recovery in case of a partial metadata corruption event. Due to the internal flexible layout, LUKS2 is also an enabler of future features. It supports auto-unlocking through the generic kernel-keyring token built in libcryptsetup that allow users unlocking of LUKS2 volumes using a passphrase stored in the kernel-keyring retention service.

For more details, see the cryptsetup 8 and cryptsetup-reencrypt 8 man pages. A new lvm. Avoiding this unsafe access is the primary reason for the new default behavior. Also, in environments with many active LVs, the amount of device scanning done by LVM can be significantly decreased.

New overrides section of the DM Multipath configuration file. With this update, kernel improvements to support NVDIMM devices provide improved system performance capabilities and enhanced file system access for write-intensive applications like database or analytic workloads, as well as reduced CPU overhead.

The multipathd service now supports improved detection of marginal paths. This helps multipath devices avoid paths that are likely to fail repeatedly, and improves performance. If the path has more than the configured err rate during this testing, DM Multipath ignores it for the configured gap time, and then retests it to see if it is working well enough to be reinstated.

Block devices now use multiqueue scheduling in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8. This enables the block layer performance to scale well with fast solid-state drives SSDs and multi-core systems. The traditional schedulers, which were available in RHEL 7 and earlier versions, have been removed.

RHEL 8 supports only multiqueue schedulers. New pcs commands to list available watchdog devices and test watchdog devices. In order to configure SBD with Pacemaker, a functioning watchdog device is required. This release supports the pcs stonith sbd watchdog list command to list available watchdog devices on the local node, and the pcs stonith sbd watchdog test command to test a watchdog device. For information on the sbd command line tool, see the sbd 8 man page.

The pcs command now supports filtering resource failures by an operation and its interval. Pacemaker now tracks resource failures per a resource operation on top of a resource name, and a node. The pcs resource failcount show command now allows filtering failures by a resource, node, operation, and interval. It provides an option to display failures aggregated per a resource and node or detailed per a resource, node, operation, and its interval.

Additionally, the pcs resource cleanup command now allows filtering failures by a resource, node, operation, and interval. The corosync log did not previously contain timestamps, which made it difficult to relate it to logs from other nodes and daemons.

With this release, timestamps are present in the corosync log. New formats for pcs cluster setup , pcs cluster node add and pcs cluster node remove commands. Node names are now required and replace node addresses in the role of node identifier. Node addresses are now optional. With these changes, the formats for the commands to set up a cluster, add a node to a cluster, and remove a node from a cluster have changed.

For information on these new command formats, see the help display for the pcs cluster setup , pcs cluster node add and pcs cluster node remove commands.

The pacemaker packages have been upgraded to the upstream version of Pacemaker 2. It is recommended that users who are upgrading an existing cluster using Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 or earlier, run pcs cluster cib-upgrade on any cluster node before and after upgrading RHEL on all cluster nodes.

The following changes have been implemented in support of this update:. Note that these changes are not backward compatible. Nodes that were authenticated on a RHEL 7 system will need to be authenticated again. The pcs commands now support display, cleanup, and synchronization of fencing history. With this release, the pcs commands allow users to access the fencing history in the following ways:. The nftables framework provides packet classification facilities and it is the designated successor to the iptables , ip6tables , arptables , and ebtables tools.

It offers numerous improvements in convenience, features, and performance over previous packet-filtering tools, most notably:. Similarly to iptables , nftables use tables for storing chains. The chains contain individual rules for performing actions. The nft tool replaces all tools from the previous packet-filtering frameworks. The libnftables library can be used for low-level interaction with nftables Netlink API over the libmnl library.

The iptables , ip6tables , ebtables and arptables tools are replaced by nftables-based drop-in replacements with the same name. While external behavior is identical to their legacy counterparts, internally they use nftables with legacy netfilter kernel modules through a compatibility interface where required.

Effect of the modules on the nftables ruleset can be observed using the nft list ruleset command. Since these tools add tables, chains, and rules to the nftables ruleset, be aware that nftables rule-set operations, such as the nft flush ruleset command, might affect rule sets installed using the formerly separate legacy commands. To quickly identify which variant of the tool is present, version information has been updated to include the back-end name.

In RHEL 8, the nftables-based iptables tool prints the following version string:. For comparison, the following version information is printed if legacy iptables tool is present:. Performances are boosted especially for busy TCP server with a high ingress connection rate. Additionally, two new TCP congestion algorithms, BBR and NV , are available, offering lower latency, and better throughput than cubic in most scenarios.

With this update, the nftables filtering subsystem is the default firewall backend for the firewalld daemon. This change introduces the following differences in behavior when using nftables :. For more details, see the nm-settings 5 man page.

This allows a single host to have a lot of containers overcoming the possible limitation on the number of MAC addresses supported by the peer networking equipment. NetworkManager supports a wildcard interface name match for connections. Previously, it was possible to restrict a connection to a given interface using only an exact match on the interface name.

With this update, connections have a new match. This update enables users to choose the interface for a connection in a more flexible way using a wildcard pattern. New tools to convert iptables to nftables. This update adds the iptables-translate and ip6tables-translate tools to convert the existing iptables or ip6tables rules into the equivalent ones for nftables.

Note that some extensions lack translation support. If such an extension exists, the tool prints the untranslated rule prefixed with the sign. Additionally, users can use the iptables-restore-translate and ip6tables-restore-translate tools to translate a dump of rules. Note that before that, users can use the iptables-save or ip6tables-save commands to print a dump of current rules. Previously, SCTP sent user messages in the same order as they were sent by a user.

Consequently, a large SCTP user message blocked all other messages in any stream until completely sent. NetworkManager supports configuring ethtool offload features. With this enhancement, NetworkManager supports configuring ethtool offload features, and users no longer need to use init scripts or a NetworkManager dispatcher script.

BBR does not react to loss events directly, it adjusts the TCP pacing rate to match it with the available bandwidth. The lksctp-tools package, version 3. Notable enhancements and bug fixes include:. To increase security, a set of kernel modules have been moved to the kernel-modules-extra package. These are not installed by default. As a consequence, non-root users cannot load these components as they are blacklisted by default. To use one of these kernel modules, the system administrator must install kernel-modules-extra and explicitly remove the module blacklist.

As a result, non-root users will be able to load the software component automatically. This version includes the following bug fixes:. The priority option has been added to rich rules. This allows users to define the desirable priority order during the rule execution and provides more advanced control over rich rules.

To debug firewall rules, use the xtables-monitor -t or nft monitor trace commands to decode rule evaluation events.

The kernel in RHEL 8. VRF devices, combined with rules set using the ip utility, enable administrators to create VRF domains in the Linux network stack. These domains isolate the traffic on layer 3 and, therefore, the administrator can create different routing tables and reuse the same IP addresses within different VRF domains on one host. The iproute package is distributed with the version 4. The most notable change is that the interface alias marked as ethX:Y, such as eth, is no longer supported.

To work around this problem, users should remove the alias suffix, which is the colon and the following number before entering ip link show. To enable identification of RHEL 8. The certificate of the code signing certification authority can also be obtained from the Product Signing Keys page on the Customer Portal. It provides a small set of policies, which the administrator can select using the update-crypto-policies command. It allows the TLS 1. See the Consistent security by crypto policies in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 article on the Red Hat Blog and the update-crypto-policies 8 man page for more information.

OpenSSH rebased to version 7. The openssh packages have been upgraded to upstream version 7. The automatic OpenSSH server keys generation is now handled by sshd-keygen. To configure the host key creation in RHEL 8, use the sshd-keygen. This change introduces libssh as a core cryptographic component in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.

Note that the client side of libssh follows the configuration set for OpenSSH through system-wide crypto policies, but the configuration of the server side cannot be changed through system-wide crypto policies. This enables low latency across the operating system communications layer and enhances privacy and security for applications by taking advantage of new algorithms, such as RSA-PSS or X The DBM file format, which was used as a default database format in previous releases, does not support concurrent access to the same database by multiple processes and it has been deprecated in upstream.

As a result, applications that use the NSS trust database to store keys, certificates, and revocation information now create databases in the SQL format by default.

Attempts to create databases in the legacy DBM format fail. This means that the user and the administrator can use the same syntax for all related tools in the system. The Firefox web browser automatically loads the pkit-proxy module and every smart card that is registered system-wide in pkit through the pkcs For using TLS client authentication, no additional setup is required and keys from a smart card are automatically used when a server requests them. The new scheme enables a secure cryptographic algorithm required for the TLS 1.

The libreswan packages have been upgraded to upstream version 3. Most notable changes include:. That is the reason Libreswan no longer supports SHA-1 with digital signatures.

Encryption key sizes of bits are now preferred over key sizes of bits. See the ipsec. With this enhancement, Libreswan handles internet key exchange IKE settings differently:. The interpretation of the ikev2 option has been changed:.

The scap-security-guide packages have been updated to use predefined system-wide cryptographic policies for configuring the core cryptographic subsystems.

The security content that conflicted with or overrode the system-wide cryptographic policies has been removed. The verbose mode is now available in all oscap modules and submodules. The tool output has improved formatting. Deprecated options have been removed to improve the usability of the command-line interface.

The rsyslog packages have been upgraded to upstream version 8. Note that the system with rsyslog can be configured to provide better performance as described in the Configuring system logging without journald or with minimized journald usage Knowledgebase article.

This allows you to use the module for more complicated file monitoring use cases. For example, you can now use file monitors with glob patterns anywhere along the configured path and rotate symlink targets with increased data throughput.

The default rsyslog configuration file format is now non-legacy. The configuration files in the rsyslog packages now use the non-legacy format by default.

The legacy format can be still used, however, mixing current and legacy configuration statements has several constraints. Configurations carried from previous RHEL releases should be revised. See the rsyslog. Audit 3. With this update, functionality of audispd has been moved to auditd.

As a result, audispd configuration options are now part of auditd. In addition, the plugins. The current status of auditd and its plug-ins can now be checked by running the service auditd state command. That change helps to simplify configuring a Tang server to listen on a user-defined port and it also preserves the security level provided by SELinux in enforcing mode.

See the Configuring automated unlocking of encrypted volumes using policy-based decryption section for more information. To get a list of booleans including their meaning, and to find out if they are enabled or disabled, install the selinux-policy-devel package and use:. The selinux-policy packages now contain a policy for systemd services that use the NNP security feature.

Support for a new map permission check on the mmap syscall. The SELinux map permission has been added to control memory mapped access to files, directories, sockets, and so on.

This allows the SELinux policy to prevent direct memory access to various file system objects and ensure that every such access is revalidated. SELinux now supports getrlimit permission in the process class. This update introduces a new SELinux access control check, process:getrlimit , which has been added for the prlimit function.

This enables SELinux policy developers to control when one process attempts to read and then modify the resource limits of another process using the process:setrlimit permission. Note that SELinux does not restrict a process from manipulating its own resource limits through prlimit.

See the prlimit 2 and getrlimit 2 man pages for more information. Compile-time security hardening flags are applied more consistently.

Compile-time security hardening flags are applied more consistently on RPM packages in the RHEL 8 distribution, and the redhat-rpm-config package now automatically provides security hardening flags. The applied compile-time flags also help to meet Common Criteria CC requirements.

The following security hardening flags are applied:. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 is distributed with qemu-kvm 2. This version fixes multiple bugs and adds a number of enhancements over the version 1.

Note that some of the features available in qemu-kvm 2. The Q35 machine type is now supported by virtualization. This provides a variety of improvements in features and performance of virtual devices, and ensures that a wider range of modern devices are compatible with virtualization.

Also note that the previously default PC machine type has become deprecated and should only be used when virtualizing older operating systems that do not support Q This significantly reduces the downtime of the migrated VM, and also guarantees that the migration finishes regardless of how rapidly the memory pages of the source VM change. As such, it is optimal for migrating VMs in heavy continuous use, which would not be possible to migrate with the standard pre-copy migration.

This reduces the potential vectors for privilege escalation attacks, and thus makes the KVM hypervisor and its guest machines more secure.

The crash information that KVM hypervisor generates if a guest terminates unexpectedly or becomes unresponsive has been expanded. This makes it easier to diagnose and fix problems in KVM virtualization deployments. This makes it possible to troubleshoot guest OS boot problems without access to the host environment. Note that this feature is enabled and configured by default. This improves the performance of Windows virtual machines VMs that run in overcommitted environments on the KVM hypervisor.

This may significantly increase the performance of such VMs in certain scenarios. This makes it possible for virtual machines that use OVMF to take advantage of a variety of network boot improvements that IPv6 provides. As a result, this enhances the performance of NVMe devices in virtual machines. Note, however, that the Netvsc interface status currently displays as Down even when it is running and usable. This can significantly improve the performance of the VM. THP enables the host kernel to dynamically assign huge memory pages to processes and thus improves the performance of VMs with large amounts of memory.

This part describes bugs fixed in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8. PackageKit can now operate on rpm packages. With this update, the support for operating on rpm packages has been added into PackageKit. QEMU does not handle 8-byte ggtt entries correctly. QEMU occasionally splits an 8-byte ggtt entry write to two consecutive 4-byte writes. Each of these partial writes can trigger a separate host ggtt write.

Sometimes the two ggtt writes are combined incorrectly. Consequently, translation to a machine address fails, and an error log occurs. The Enterprise Security Client uses the opensc library for token detection. With this update, the Enterprise Security Client ESC use opensc for token detection instead of the removed coolkey library. As a result, applications correctly detect supported tokens. Previously, Certificate System used a custom logging framework, which did not support log rotation.

With this update, Certificate System uses the java. For further information on log rotation, see documentation for the java. The problem has been fixed, and the mentioned warnings are no longer logged. As a consequence, serialization for certain objects differed, and the Python key recovery authority KRA client failed to parse Key Request responses.

The client has been modified to support responses using both the old and the new JSON library. GCC no longer produces false positive warnings about out-of-bounds access. Previously, when compiling with the -O3 optimization level option, the GNU Compiler Collection GCC occasionally returned a false positive warning about an out-of-bounds access, even if the compiled code did not contain it.

The optimization has been fixed and GCC no longer displays the false positive warning. Previously, the ltrace tool could not correctly print large structures returned from functions. Handling of large structures in ltrace has been improved and they are now printed correctly. This bug has been fixed and the function now provides correct results.

GDB provides nonzero exit status when last command in batch mode fails. Previously, GDB always exited with status 0 when running in batch mode, regardless of errors in the commands. As a consequence, it was not possible to determine whether the commands succeeded.

This behavior has been changed and GDB now exits with status 1 when an error occurs in the last command. This preserves compatibility with the previous behavior where all commands are executed. As a result, it is now possible to determine if GDB batch mode execution is successful.

Higher print levels no longer cause iscsiadm to terminate unexpectedly. Previously, the iscsiadm utility terminated unexpectedly when the user specified a print level higher than 0 with the –print or -P option. This problem has been fixed, and all print levels now work as expected. If multipathd failed to get the WWID of a path, it sometimes disabled that path. When TLS renegotiation is enabled on the server, a client is allowed to send a renegotiation request, which initiates a new handshake.

Computational requirements of a handshake are higher on a server than on a client. This makes the server vulnerable to DoS attacks. Note that the client can still open multiple connections to a server with a handshake performed in all of them.

A removed cluster node is no longer displayed in the cluster status. Previously, when a node was removed with the pcs cluster node remove command, the removed node remained visible in the output of a pcs status display.

With this fix, the removed node is no longer displayed in the cluster status. Fence agents can now be configured using either newer, preferred parameter names or deprecated parameter names. A large number of fence agent parameters have been renamed while the old parameter names are still supported as deprecated.

Previously, pcs was not able to set the new parameters unless used with the –force option. With this fix, pcs now supports the renamed fence agent parameters while maintaining support for the deprecated parameters.

The pcs command now correctly reads the XML status of a cluster for display. With this fix, standard and error outputs are separated in pcs and reading the XML status of a cluster works as expected. Users no longer advised to destroy clusters when creating new clusters with nodes from existing clusters.

Previously, when a user specified nodes from an existing cluster when running the pcs cluster setup command or when creating a cluster with the pcsd Web UI, pcs reported that as an error and suggested that the user destroy the cluster on the nodes. As a result, users would destroy the cluster on the nodes, breaking the cluster the nodes were part of as the remaining nodes would still consider the destroyed nodes to be part of the cluster.

With this fix, users are instead advised to remove nodes from their cluster, better informing them of how to address the issue without breaking their clusters. When a non-root user runs a pcs command that requires root permission, pcs connects to the locally running pcsd daemon and passes the command to it, since the pcsd daemon runs with root permissions and is capable of running the command. Previously, if the user was not authenticated to the local pcsd daemon, pcs asked for a user name and a password interactively.

This was confusing to the user and required special handling in scripts running pcs. With this fix, if the user is not authenticated then pcs exits with an error advising what to do: Either run pcs as root or authenticate using the new pcs client local-auth command.

As a result, pcs commands do not interactively ask for credentials, improving the user experience. Previously, the pcsd daemon would not start when this policy was set since it generates SSL certificates with a b key. With this update, the key size of pcsd self-generated SSL certificates has been increased to b and pcsd now starts with its default self-generated SSL certificate.

The pcsd service now starts when the network is ready. Previously, When a user configured pcsd to bind to a specific IP address and the address was not ready during boot when pcsd attempted to start up, then pcsd failed to start and a manual intervention was required to start pcsd.

With this fix, pcsd. As a result, pcsd starts when the network is ready and is able to bind to an IP address. Weak TLS algorithms are no longer allowed for glib-networking. As a consequence, applications using the glib library for networking might allow Transport Layer Security TLS connections using weak algorithms than the administrator intended.

With this update, the system-wide crypto policy is applied, and now applications using glib for networking allow only TLS connections that are acceptable according to the policy. SELinux policy now allows iscsiuio processes to connect to the discovery portal.

As a consequence, connection to the discovery portal failed. This update adds the missing rules to the SELinux policy and iscsiuio processes work as expected in the described scenario. As a consequence, dnf and yum failed to access the repos.

If no value is specified, subscription-manager set http by default which is more commonly used. Previously, mounting an ephemeral disk on a virtual machine VM running on the Microsoft Azure platform failed if the VM was “stopped deallocated ” and then started.

This update ensures that reconnecting disks is handled correctly in the described circumstances, which prevents the problem from occurring. The feature includes a new system call bpf , which supports creating various types of maps, and also to insert various types of programs into the kernel. See the bpf 2 man page for more information. BCC is available as a Technology Preview. Control Group v2 mechanism is a unified hierarchy control group.

Control Group v2 organizes processes hierarchically and distributes system resources along the hierarchy in a controlled and configurable manner. Unlike the previous version, Control Group v2 has only a single hierarchy.

This single hierarchy enables the Linux kernel to:. Control Group v2 supports numerous controllers:. This controller implements:. Memory controller regulates the memory distribution. Currently, the following types of memory usages are tracked:.

You can refer to the same link to obtain more information about particular Control Group v2 controllers. The early kdump feature allows the crash kernel and initramfs to load early enough to capture the vmcore information even for early crashes.

The ibmvnic device driver available as a Technology Preview. With Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8. Note that the rest of the graphics stack is currently unverified for the bit ARM architecture. RAID1 cluster is not enabled by default in the kernel space. The cryptographic keys are automatically generated and rotated. This might affect the availability of DNS zones that are not configured in accordance with recommended naming practices. In Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7. Previously, enhancements could change the behavior of a command in an incompatible way.

This enables:. In all cases, the communication with the server is possible, regardless if one side uses, for example, a newer version that introduces new options for a feature. Stratis is a new local storage manager. It provides managed file systems on top of pools of storage with additional features to the user.

To administer Stratis storage, use the stratis utility, which communicates with the stratisd background service. For more information, see the Stratis documentation: Setting up Stratis file systems. OverlayFS is a type of union file system. It enables you to overlay one file system on top of another. Changes are recorded in the upper file system, while the lower file system remains unmodified. This allows multiple users to share a file-system image, such as a container or a DVD-ROM, where the base image is on read-only media.

OverlayFS remains a Technology Preview under most circumstances. As such, the kernel logs warnings when this technology is activated. Full support is available for OverlayFS when used with supported container engines podman , cri-o , or buildah under the following restrictions:.

Test your application thoroughly before deploying it with OverlayFS. These two options make the format of the upper layer incompatible with an overlay without these options. DAX provides a means for an application to directly map persistent memory into its address space.

Also, the file system must be mounted with the dax mount option. Pacemaker podman bundles available as a Technology Preview. Pacemaker container bundles now run on the podman container platform, with the container bundle feature being available as a Technology Preview. XDP available as a Technology Preview. The eXpress Data Path XDP feature, which is available as a Technology Preview, provides a means to attach extended Berkeley Packet Filter eBPF programs for high-performance packet processing at an early point in the kernel ingress data path, allowing efficient programmable packet analysis, filtering, and manipulation.

As a Technology Preview, the Traffic Control tc kernel subsystem and the tc tool can attach extended Berkeley Packet Filtering eBPF programs as packet classifiers and actions for both ingress and egress queueing disciplines.

This enables programmable packet processing inside the kernel network data path. It accompanies XDP and grants efficient redirection of programmatically selected packets to user space applications for further processing.

It works as a kernel module and provides a tipc tool in iproute2 package to allow designers to create applications that can communicate quickly and reliably with other applications regardless of their location within the cluster. This feature is available as a Technology Preview. The systemd-resolved service is now available as a Technology Preview. The systemd-resolved service provides name resolution to local applications.

Note that, even if the systemd package provides systemd-resolved , this service is an unsupported Technology Preview. This interface enables managing system configurations across multiple versions of Red Hat Enterprise Linux, as well as adopting new major releases.

The rhel-system-roles packages are distributed through the AppStream repository. This increases the security of the VM if the host is successfully infected by malware.

Note that the number of VMs that can use this feature at a time on a single host is determined by the host hardware. As a Technology Preview, it is now possible to divide a physical Intel GPU device into multiple virtual devices referred to as mediated devices. In addition, assigning a physical GPU to VMs makes it impossible for the host to use the GPU, and may prevent graphical display output on the host from working.

Also note that for nested virtualization to work on IBM POWER 9, the host, the guest, and the nested guests currently all need to run one of the following operating systems:. Note that currently, this feature only works on Intel systems. In addition, nested virtualization is in some cases not enabled by default on Hyper-V. To enable it, see the following Microsoft documentation:. This part provides an overview of functionality that has been deprecated in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.

Deprecated functionality will likely not be supported in future major releases of this product and is not recommended for new deployments. For the most recent list of deprecated functionality within a particular major release, refer to the latest version of release documentation. The support status of deprecated functionality remains unchanged within Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8. Deprecated hardware components are not recommended for new deployments on the current or future major releases.

Hardware driver updates are limited to security and critical fixes only. Red Hat recommends replacing this hardware as soon as reasonably feasible. A package can be deprecated and not recommended for further use. Under certain circumstances, a package can be removed from a product. Product documentation then identifies more recent packages that offer functionality similar, identical, or more advanced to the one deprecated, and provides further recommendations.

The –interactive option of the ignoredisk Kickstart command has been deprecated. Using the –interactive option in future releases of Red Hat Enterprise Linux will result in a fatal installation error. It is recommended that you modify your Kickstart file to remove the option. Where only specific options are listed, the base command and its other options are still available and not deprecated.

For more details and related changes in Kickstart, see the Kickstart changes section of the Considerations in adopting RHEL 8 document. The elevator kernel command line parameter is deprecated. The elevator kernel command line parameter was used in earlier RHEL releases to set the disk scheduler for all devices.

In RHEL 8, the parameter is deprecated. The upstream Linux kernel has removed support for the elevator parameter, but it is still available in RHEL 8 for compatibility reasons. Note that the kernel selects a default disk scheduler based on the type of device.

This is typically the optimal setting. If you require a different scheduler, Red Hat recommends that you use udev rules or the Tuned service to configure it. Match the selected devices and switch the scheduler only for those devices. Network scripts are deprecated in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 and they are no longer provided by default.

The basic installation provides a new version of the ifup and ifdown scripts which call the NetworkManager service through the nmcli tool. If any of these scripts are required, the installation of the deprecated network scripts in the system is still possible with the following command:.

The ifup and ifdown scripts link to the installed legacy network scripts. However, due to stability issues, this feature has been deprecated and will be removed in RHEL 9. Authentication mechanisms that depend on DSA keys do not work in the default configuration. Support for this feature in the Network Security Services NSS library has been deprecated and it is disabled by default. Support for this feature may be removed completely in future releases of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.

The TLS 1. If your scenario, for example, a video conferencing application in the Firefox web browser, requires using the deprecated protocols, switch the system-wide cryptographic policy to the LEGACY level:. For more information, see the Strong crypto defaults in RHEL 8 and deprecation of weak crypto algorithms Knowledgebase article on the Red Hat Customer Portal and the update-crypto-policies 8 man page.

The current mechanism of creating virtual machine VM snapshots has been deprecated, as it is not working reliably. Note that a new VM snapshot mechanism is under development and will be fully implemented in a future minor release of RHEL 8. The Virtual Machine Manager application, also known as virt-manager , has been deprecated. The RHEL 8 web console, also known as Cockpit , is intended to become its replacement in a subsequent release.

It is, therefore, recommended that you use the web console for managing virtualization in a GUI. However, in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.

The following packages have been deprecated and will probably not be included in a future major release of Red Hat Enterprise Linux:. Currently, the RHEL web console logins will fail for tlog recording-enabled users. The auth and authconfig Kickstart commands require the AppStream repository. The authselect-compat package is required by the auth and authconfig Kickstart commands during installation.

Without this package, the installation fails if auth or authconfig are used. However, by design, the authselect-compat package is only available in the AppStream repository. To work around this problem, verify that the BaseOS and AppStream repositories are available to the installer or use the authselect Kickstart command during installation.

The xorg-xdrv-fbdev , xorg-xdrv-vesa , and xorg-xdrv-vmware video drivers are not installed by default. To work around this problem, perform a RHEL 8. If a RHEL 8. In addition, virtual machines relying on EFI for graphics support, such as Hyper-V, are also affected. If you selected the Server with GUI base environment on Hyper-V, you might be unable to log in due to a black screen displayed on reboot. To work around this problem on Hyper-v, enable multi- or single-user mode using the following steps:.

Installation fails when using the reboot –kexec command. To avoid the problem, use the reboot command instead of reboot –kexec in your Kickstart file. Copying the content of the Binary DVD. These files are required for a successful installation. As a result, the BaseOS and AppStream repositories are not loaded, and a debug-related log message in the anaconda.

To work around the problem, copy the missing. Anaconda installation includes low limits of minimal resources setting requirements. Anaconda initiates the installation on systems with minimal resource settings required available and do not provide previous message warning about the required resources for performing the installation successfully. As a result, the installation can fail and the output errors do not provide clear messages for possible debug and recovery.

As a result, it should be possible to perform a successful installation. The reboot –kexec and inst. As a consequence, switching to the installed system without rebooting can produce unpredictable results. Note that the kexec feature is deprecated and will be removed in a future release of Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

The i40iw module does not load automatically on boot. Also note that if there is another RDMA device installed with a i40e device on the same machine, the non-i40e RDMA device triggers the rdma service, which loads all enabled RDMA stack modules, including the i40iw module.

The system sometimes becomes unresponsive when many devices are connected. When Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 configures a large number of devices, a large number of console messages occurs on the system console.

This happens, for example, when there are a large number of logical unit numbers LUNs , with multiple paths to each LUN.

The flood of console messages, in addition to other work the kernel is doing, might cause the kernel watchdog to force a kernel panic because the kernel appears to be hung. Because the scan happens early in the boot cycle, the system becomes unresponsive when many devices are connected.

This typically occurs at boot time. If kdump is enabled on your machine during the device scan event after boot, the hard lockup results in a capture of a vmcore image. To work around this problem, increase the watchdog lockup timer. Replace N with the number of seconds:.

After applying the workaround, the system no longer becomes unresponsive when configuring a large amount of devices. The qede driver hangs the NIC and makes it unusable. Radix tree symbols were added to kernel-abi-whitelists. The following radix tree symbols have been added to the kernel-abi-whitelists package in Red Hat Enterprise Linux The symbols above were not supposed to be present and will be removed from the RHEL8 whitelist. As a consequence, CRIU does not support container checkpoint and restore functionality and the podman utility fails to checkpoint containers.

When running the podman container checkpoint command, the following error message is displayed: ‘checkpointing a container requires at least CRIU ‘.

Currently, an inconsistency occurs between the kernel version being installed for early-kdump and the kernel version initramfs is generated for. As a consequence, booting with early-kdump enabled, early-kdump fails. In addition, if early-kdump detects that it is being included in a standard kdump initramfs image, it forces an exit. Therefore the standard kdump service also fails when trying to rebuild kdump initramfs if early-kdump is added as a default dracut module.

As a consequence, early-kdump and standard kdump both fail. As a result, early-kdump is not included by dracut by default, which prevents the problem from occuring.

However, if an early-kdump image is required, it has to be created manually. Due to memory-demanding nature of the debug kernel, a problem occurs when the debug kernel is in use and a kernel panic is triggered. As a consequence, the debug kernel is not able to boot as the capture kernel, and a stack trace is generated instead.

To work around this problem, increase the crash kernel memory accordingly. As a result, the debug kernel successfully boots in the crash capture environment. This problem occurs because the vmcore capture scripts in the initial RAM disk initrd add the kdump- prefix to the network interface name to secure persistent naming. The same initrd is used also for a regular boot, so the interface name is changed for the production kernel too. Running yum list under a non-root user causes YUM crash.

When running the yum list command under a non-root user after the libdnf package has been updated, YUM can terminate unexpectedly. If you hit this bug, run yum list under root to resolve the problem.

As a result, subsequent attempts to run yum list under a non-root user no longer cause YUM crash. YUM v4 skips unavailable repositories by default. As a consequence, if the required repository is not available, the packages from the repository are not considered in the install, search, or update operations. Subsequently, some yum commands and yum-based scripts succeed with exit code 0 even if there are unavailable repositories. Currently, there is no other workaround available than updating the libdnf package.

The nslookup and host utilities ignore replies from name servers with recursion not available. If more name servers are configured and recursion is not available for a name server, the nslookup and host utilities ignore replies from such name server unless it is the one that is last configured. In case of the last configured name server, answer is accepted even without the recursion available flag.

However, if the last configured name server is not responding or unreachable, name resolution fails. To troubleshoot the problem, you can also use the dig utility to detect whether recursion is available or not. Python binding of the net-snmp package is unavailable. Consequently, python-net-snmp , python2-net-snmp , or python3-net-snmp packages are unavailable in RHEL 8. The systemd system and service manager in debug mode produces unnecessary log messages that start with:. Consequently, when the user enters, for example, Japanese characters, ksh displays an incorrect string.

For more details, see a related Knowledgebase solution. The mariadb and mysql modules cannot be installed in parallel in RHEL 8. By design, it is impossible to install more than one version stream of the same module in parallel. For example, you need to choose only one of the available streams from the postgresql module, either 10 default or 9. In RHEL 8, different versions of database servers can be used in containers. New features of the TLS 1.

Consequently, client certificate authentication might fail and reestablishing sessions might be slower than with the TLS 1. To work around this problem, disable usage of TLS 1. When generating documentation using the scaladoc command, the resulting HTML page is unusable due to missing JavaScript resources. The qxl driver is not able to provide kernel mode setting features on certain hypervisors.

Consequently, the graphics based on the Wayland protocol are not available to virtual machines VMs that use qxl , and the Wayland-based login screen does not start. The console prompt is not displayed when running systemctl isolate multi-user.

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Ahli dalam ilmu Psikologi dibedakan menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu profesi atau yang berkaitan dengan praktik psikologi dan ilmu psikologi termasuk dalam hal ini ilmu murni atau terapan. PSIKOLOGadalah lulusan pendidikan profesional yang berkaitan dengan praktik psikologi dengan latar belakang pendidikan Sarjana Psikologi lulusan program pendidikan tinggi psikologi strata 1 S1 sistem kurikukum lama atau yang mengikuti pendidikan tinggi psikologi strata 1 S1 dan lulus dari pendidikan profesi psikologi atau strata 2 S2 pendidikan Psikolog.

Psikolog memiliki kewenangan untuk memberikan layanan psikologi yang meliputi bidang-bidang praktek klinis dan konseling; penelitian; pengajaran; supervisi dalam pelatihan, layanan masyarakat, pengembangan kebijakan; intervensi sosial dan klinis; pengembangan instrumen asesmen psikologi; penyelenggaraan asesmen; konseling karir dan pendidikan; konsultasi organisasi; aktifitas-aktifitas dalam bidang forensik; perancangan dan evaluasi program; dan administrasi.

Ilmuwan psikologi memiliki kewenangan untuk memberikan layanan psikologi yang meliputi bidang-bidang penelitian; pengajaran; supervisi dalam pelatihan; layanan masyarakat; pengembangan kebijakan; intervensi sosial; pengembangan instrumen asesmen psikologi; pengadministrasian asesmen; konsultasi organisasi; perancangan dan evaluasi program.

Ilmuwan Psikologi dibedakan dalam kelompok ilmu murni sains dan terapan. Layanan psikologi dapat berupa praktek konseling dan psikoterapi; penelitian; pengajaran; supervisi dalam pelatihan; layanan masyarakat; pengembangan kebijakan; intervensi sosial dan klinis; pengembangan instrumen asesmen psikologi; penyelenggaraan asesmen; konseling karir dan pendidikan; konsultasi organisasi; aktifitas-aktifitas dalam bidang forensik; perancangan dan evaluasi program; dan administrasi.

Prinsip B: Integritas dan Sikap Ilmiah 1 Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi harus mendasarkan pada dasar dan etika ilmiah terutama pada pengetahuan yang sudah diyakini kebenarannya oleh komunitas psikologi. Prinsip C : Profesional 1 Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi harus memiliki kompetensi dalam melaksanakan segala bentuk pelayanan psikologi, penelitian, pengajaran, pelatihan, jasa dan praktik psikologi dengan menekankan pada tanggung jawab, kejujuran, batasan kompetensi, obyektif dan integritas.

Prinsip D : Keadilan 1 Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi memahami bahwa kejujuran dan ketidakberpihakan adalah hak setiap orang. Prinsip E : Manfaat 1 Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi berusaha maksimal memberikan manfaat padakesejahteraan umat manusia, perlindungan hak dan mempertimbangkan mengurangi resiko dampak buruk tidak mengakibatkan dampak buruk bagi pengguna layanan psikologi serta pihak-pihak lain yang terkait.

Pelanggaran sebagaimana dimaksud di atas adalah: a Pelanggaran ringan yaitu: Tindakan yang dilakukan oleh seorang Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi yang tidak dalam kondisi yang sesuai dengan standar prosedur yang telah ditetapkan, sehingga mengakibatkan kerugian.

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To restore the previous behavior, add a space after the exclamation mark, such as variable! SystemTap version 4. Improvements in binutils version 2. Performance Co-Pilot version 4. This update enables hardware features which allow per-thread page protection flag changes. With this update, by default GCC on the IBM Z architecture builds code for the z13 processor, and the code is tuned for the z14 processor. Users can override this default by explicitly using options for target architecture and tuning.

Additionally, in most cases not all locales are installed by default, only these selected in the installer. Users must install all further locale packages that they need separately, or if they wish they can install glibc-all-langpacks to get the locales archive containing all the glibc locales installed as before. For more information, see Using langpacks. Previously, the Go standard cryptographic library always used its FIPS mode unless it was explicitly disabled at build time of the application using the library.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 is distributed with the strace tool version 4. In addition, the java Note that packages in this repository are unsupported by Red Hat. As a consequence, applications that dynamically link against these libraries will need to be rebuilt. The method for activating the DIF on storage devices is device-dependent. The XFS file system supports shared copy-on-write data extent functionality. This feature enables two or more files to share a common set of data blocks.

When either of the files sharing common blocks changes, XFS breaks the link to common blocks and creates a new file.

This is similar to the copy-on-write COW functionality found in other file systems. This functionality is also used by kernel subsystems such as Overlayfs and NFS for more efficient operation. Shared copy-on-write data extents are now enabled by default when creating an XFS file system, starting with the xfsprogs package version 4.

To create an XFS file system without this feature, use the following command:. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 can mount XFS file systems with shared copy-on-write data extents only in the read-only mode. In RHEL 8, the mkfs. Growing a smaller file system that does not meet these requirements to a new size greater than TiB is not supported. With this update, ext4 metadata is protected by checksums.

This enables the file system to recognize the corrupt metadata, which avoids damage and increases the file system resilience. For the list of supported architectures, see Chapter 2, Architectures. The BOOM boot manager simplifies the process of creating boot entries. It enables flexible boot configuration and simplifies the creation of new or modified boot entries: for example, to boot snapshot images of the system created using LVM.

BOOM does not modify the existing boot loader configuration, and only inserts additional entries. The existing configuration is maintained, and any distribution integration, such as kernel installation and update scripts, continue to function as before. The dm-crypt subsystem and the cryptsetup tool now uses LUKS2 as the default format for encrypted volumes. LUKS2 provides encrypted volumes with metadata redundancy and auto-recovery in case of a partial metadata corruption event.

Due to the internal flexible layout, LUKS2 is also an enabler of future features. It supports auto-unlocking through the generic kernel-keyring token built in libcryptsetup that allow users unlocking of LUKS2 volumes using a passphrase stored in the kernel-keyring retention service. For more details, see the cryptsetup 8 and cryptsetup-reencrypt 8 man pages.

A new lvm. Avoiding this unsafe access is the primary reason for the new default behavior. Also, in environments with many active LVs, the amount of device scanning done by LVM can be significantly decreased. New overrides section of the DM Multipath configuration file. With this update, kernel improvements to support NVDIMM devices provide improved system performance capabilities and enhanced file system access for write-intensive applications like database or analytic workloads, as well as reduced CPU overhead.

In order to configure SBD with Pacemaker, a functioning watchdog device is required. This release supports the pcs stonith sbd watchdog list command to list available watchdog devices on the local node, and the pcs stonith sbd watchdog test command to test a watchdog device. For information on the sbd command line tool, see the sbd 8 man page.

Node addresses are now optional. With these changes, the formats for the commands to set up a cluster, add a node to a cluster, and remove a node from a cluster have changed. For information on these new command formats, see the help display for the pcs cluster setup , pcs cluster node add and pcs cluster node remove commands. The pacemaker packages have been upgraded to the upstream version of Pacemaker 2. It is recommended that users who are upgrading an existing cluster using Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 or earlier, run pcs cluster cib-upgrade on any cluster node before and after upgrading RHEL on all cluster nodes.

The nftables framework provides packet classification facilities and it is the designated successor to the iptables , ip6tables , arptables , and ebtables tools. It offers numerous improvements in convenience, features, and performance over previous packet-filtering tools, most notably:.

Similarly to iptables , nftables use tables for storing chains. The chains contain individual rules for performing actions. The nft tool replaces all tools from the previous packet-filtering frameworks. The libnftables library can be used for low-level interaction with nftables Netlink API over the libmnl library. The iptables , ip6tables , ebtables and arptables tools are replaced by nftables-based drop-in replacements with the same name. While external behavior is identical to their legacy counterparts, internally they use nftables with legacy netfilter kernel modules through a compatibility interface where required.

With this update, the nftables filtering subsystem is the default firewall backend for the firewalld daemon. This change introduces the following differences in behavior when using nftables :.

For more details, see the nm-settings 5 man page. This allows a single host to have a lot of containers overcoming the possible limitation on the number of MAC addresses supported by the peer networking equipment. NetworkManager supports a wildcard interface name match for connections. Previously, it was possible to restrict a connection to a given interface using only an exact match on the interface name.

If such an extension exists, the tool prints the untranslated rule prefixed with the sign. Additionally, users can use the iptables-restore-translate and ip6tables-restore-translate tools to translate a dump of rules. Note that before that, users can use the iptables-save or ip6tables-save commands to print a dump of current rules. Previously, SCTP sent user messages in the same order as they were sent by a user.

As a result, users can now configure the offload feature as a part of the connection profile using one of the following methods:. Note that this feature is currently not supported in graphical interfaces and in the nmtui utility. BBR does not react to loss events directly, it adjusts the TCP pacing rate to match it with the available bandwidth.

The lksctp-tools package, version 3. Notable enhancements and bug fixes include:. To increase security, a set of kernel modules have been moved to the kernel-modules-extra package. These are not installed by default. As a consequence, non-root users cannot load these components as they are blacklisted by default. To use one of these kernel modules, the system administrator must install kernel-modules-extra and explicitly remove the module blacklist.

To debug firewall rules, use the xtables-monitor -t or nft monitor trace commands to decode rule evaluation events. The kernel in RHEL 8. VRF devices, combined with rules set using the ip utility, enable administrators to create VRF domains in the Linux network stack. These domains isolate the traffic on layer 3 and, therefore, the administrator can create different routing tables and reuse the same IP addresses within different VRF domains on one host.

The iproute package is distributed with the version 4. The most notable change is that the interface alias marked as ethX:Y, such as eth, is no longer supported. To work around this problem, users should remove the alias suffix, which is the colon and the following number before entering ip link show. To enable identification of RHEL 8.

The certificate of the code signing certification authority can also be obtained from the Product Signing Keys page on the Customer Portal. It provides a small set of policies, which the administrator can select using the update-crypto-policies command.

It allows the TLS 1. See the Consistent security by crypto policies in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 article on the Red Hat Blog and the update-crypto-policies 8 man page for more information. OpenSSH rebased to version 7. The openssh packages have been upgraded to upstream version 7. The automatic OpenSSH server keys generation is now handled by sshd-keygen. To configure the host key creation in RHEL 8, use the sshd-keygen. This change introduces libssh as a core cryptographic component in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.

This enables low latency across the operating system communications layer and enhances privacy and security for applications by taking advantage of new algorithms, such as RSA-PSS or X The DBM file format, which was used as a default database format in previous releases, does not support concurrent access to the same database by multiple processes and it has been deprecated in upstream.

As a result, applications that use the NSS trust database to store keys, certificates, and revocation information now create databases in the SQL format by default. Attempts to create databases in the legacy DBM format fail.

This means that the user and the administrator can use the same syntax for all related tools in the system. The Firefox web browser automatically loads the pkit-proxy module and every smart card that is registered system-wide in pkit through the pkcs For using TLS client authentication, no additional setup is required and keys from a smart card are automatically used when a server requests them.

The new scheme enables a secure cryptographic algorithm required for the TLS 1. The libreswan packages have been upgraded to upstream version 3. Most notable changes include:. That is the reason Libreswan no longer supports SHA-1 with digital signatures. Encryption key sizes of bits are now preferred over key sizes of bits. See the ipsec. With this enhancement, Libreswan handles internet key exchange IKE settings differently:. The interpretation of the ikev2 option has been changed:.

The scap-security-guide packages have been updated to use predefined system-wide cryptographic policies for configuring the core cryptographic subsystems. The security content that conflicted with or overrode the system-wide cryptographic policies has been removed. The verbose mode is now available in all oscap modules and submodules.

The tool output has improved formatting. Deprecated options have been removed to improve the usability of the command-line interface. The rsyslog packages have been upgraded to upstream version 8. Note that the system with rsyslog can be configured to provide better performance as described in the Configuring system logging without journald or with minimized journald usage Knowledgebase article.

New rsyslog module: omkafka. To enable kafka centralized data storage scenarios, you can now forward logs to the kafka infrastructure using the new omkafka module. With this update, the rsyslog imfile module delivers better performance and more configuration options. This allows you to use the module for more complicated file monitoring use cases. For example, you can now use file monitors with glob patterns anywhere along the configured path and rotate symlink targets with increased data throughput.

The default rsyslog configuration file format is now non-legacy. The configuration files in the rsyslog packages now use the non-legacy format by default. The legacy format can be still used, however, mixing current and legacy configuration statements has several constraints. Configurations carried from previous RHEL releases should be revised. See the rsyslog. Audit 3. With this update, functionality of audispd has been moved to auditd.

That change helps to simplify configuring a Tang server to listen on a user-defined port and it also preserves the security level provided by SELinux in enforcing mode. See the Configuring automated unlocking of encrypted volumes using policy-based decryption section for more information.

To get a list of booleans including their meaning, and to find out if they are enabled or disabled, install the selinux-policy-devel package and use:. The selinux-policy packages now contain a policy for systemd services that use the NNP security feature.

Support for a new map permission check on the mmap syscall. The SELinux map permission has been added to control memory mapped access to files, directories, sockets, and so on. This allows the SELinux policy to prevent direct memory access to various file system objects and ensure that every such access is revalidated.

SELinux now supports getrlimit permission in the process class. This update introduces a new SELinux access control check, process:getrlimit , which has been added for the prlimit function. This enables SELinux policy developers to control when one process attempts to read and then modify the resource limits of another process using the process:setrlimit permission. Note that SELinux does not restrict a process from manipulating its own resource limits through prlimit.

See the prlimit 2 and getrlimit 2 man pages for more information. Compile-time security hardening flags are applied more consistently. Compile-time security hardening flags are applied more consistently on RPM packages in the RHEL 8 distribution, and the redhat-rpm-config package now automatically provides security hardening flags.

The applied compile-time flags also help to meet Common Criteria CC requirements. The following security hardening flags are applied:. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 is distributed with qemu-kvm 2. This version fixes multiple bugs and adds a number of enhancements over the version 1.

As such, it is optimal for migrating VMs in heavy continuous use, which would not be possible to migrate with the standard pre-copy migration. This reduces the potential vectors for privilege escalation attacks, and thus makes the KVM hypervisor and its guest machines more secure.

As a result, this enhances the performance of NVMe devices in virtual machines. Note, however, that the Netvsc interface status currently displays as Down even when it is running and usable.

This can significantly improve the performance of the VM. THP enables the host kernel to dynamically assign huge memory pages to processes and thus improves the performance of VMs with large amounts of memory. This part describes bugs fixed in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8. PackageKit can now operate on rpm packages. With this update, the support for operating on rpm packages has been added into PackageKit.

QEMU does not handle 8-byte ggtt entries correctly. QEMU occasionally splits an 8-byte ggtt entry write to two consecutive 4-byte writes. Each of these partial writes can trigger a separate host ggtt write.

With this update, the Enterprise Security Client ESC use opensc for token detection instead of the removed coolkey library. As a result, applications correctly detect supported tokens. Previously, Certificate System used a custom logging framework, which did not support log rotation. With this update, Certificate System uses the java. For further information on log rotation, see documentation for the java. The problem has been fixed, and the mentioned warnings are no longer logged.

As a consequence, serialization for certain objects differed, and the Python key recovery authority KRA client failed to parse Key Request responses. The client has been modified to support responses using both the old and the new JSON library. GCC no longer produces false positive warnings about out-of-bounds access.

Previously, when compiling with the -O3 optimization level option, the GNU Compiler Collection GCC occasionally returned a false positive warning about an out-of-bounds access, even if the compiled code did not contain it. The optimization has been fixed and GCC no longer displays the false positive warning. Previously, the ltrace tool could not correctly print large structures returned from functions. Handling of large structures in ltrace has been improved and they are now printed correctly.

This bug has been fixed and the function now provides correct results. GDB provides nonzero exit status when last command in batch mode fails.

Previously, GDB always exited with status 0 when running in batch mode, regardless of errors in the commands. As a consequence, it was not possible to determine whether the commands succeeded. This behavior has been changed and GDB now exits with status 1 when an error occurs in the last command.

This preserves compatibility with the previous behavior where all commands are executed. As a result, it is now possible to determine if GDB batch mode execution is successful. Higher print levels no longer cause iscsiadm to terminate unexpectedly. Previously, the iscsiadm utility terminated unexpectedly when the user specified a print level higher than 0 with the –print or -P option. This problem has been fixed, and all print levels now work as expected. If multipathd failed to get the WWID of a path, it sometimes disabled that path.

When TLS renegotiation is enabled on the server, a client is allowed to send a renegotiation request, which initiates a new handshake. Computational requirements of a handshake are higher on a server than on a client.

When the first two steps haven’t solved your issue, it might be a good idea to run Windows Update. Many msvcr To run Windows Update, please follow these easy steps:. If Windows Update failed to resolve the msvcr Please note that this final step is recommended for advanced PC users only.

If none of the previous three troubleshooting steps have resolved your issue, you can try a more aggressive approach Note: Not recommended for amateur PC users by downloading and replacing your appropriate msvcr Please follow the steps below to download and properly replace you file:. If this final step has failed and you’re still encountering the error, you’re only remaining option is to do a clean installation of Windows To avoid data loss, you must be sure that you have backed-up all of your important documents, pictures, software installers, and other personal data before beginning the process.

If you are not currently backing up your data, you need to do so immediately. The installer’s task is to ensure that all correct verifications have been made before installing and placing msvcr An incorrectly installed DLL file may create system instability and could cause your program or operating system to stop functioning altogether. Proceed with caution. You are downloading trial software.

Dalam hal ini, pencatatan atau pemotongan pajak mengikuti aturan sesuai hukum yang berlaku. Data dan informasi hasil pemeriksaan psikologi bila diperlukan untuk kepentingan pendidikan, data harus disajikan sebagaimana adanya dengan menyamarkan nama orang atau lembaga yang datanya digunakan. Iklan dan Pernyataan publik yang dimaksud dalam pasal ini dapat berhubungan dengan jasa, produk atau publikasi profesional Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi di bidang psikologi, mencakup iklan yang dibayar atau tidak dibayar, brosur, barang cetakan, daftar direktori, resume pribadi atau curriculum vitae, wawancara atau komentar yang dimuat dalam media, pernyataan dalam buku, hasil seminar, lokakarya, pertemuan ilmiah, kuliah, presentasi lisan di depan publik, dan materi-materi lain yang diterbitkan.

Pernyataan tersebut harus disampaikan dengan ;. Bila mengetahui adanya pernyataan yang tergolong penipuan atau pemalsuan terhadap karya mereka yang dilakukan orang lain, Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi berusaha untuk menjelaskan kebenarannya. Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikolog bertanggung jawab atas pengumuman, katalog, brosur atau iklan, seminar atau program non gelar yang dilakukannya. Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi memastikan bahwa hal yang diberitakan tersebut menggambarkan secara akurat tentang tujuan, kemampuan tentang pelatih, instruktur, supervisor dan biaya yang terkait.

Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi dalam memberikan keterangan pada publik melalui media cetak atau elektronik harus berhati-hati untuk memastikan bahwa pernyataan tersebut:. Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi dalam menjelaskan kemampuan atau keahliannya harus bersikap jujur, wajar, bijaksana dan tidak berlebihan dengan memperhatikan ketentuan yang berlaku untuk menghindari kekeliruan penafsiran di masyarakat.

Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi menjunjung tinggi profesionalitas dan senantiasa terus meningkatkan kompetensinya. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi perlu dihargai dengan imbalan sesuai profesionalitas dan kompetensinya. Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi harus memberitahu pihak yang bersangkutan terlebih dahulu bahwa tindakan tersebut akan dilakukan, serta memberi kesempatan untuk dapat menyelesaikan permasalahan sebelum tindakan hukum dilakukan.

Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi membagi imbalan dengan profesional lain, atasan atau bawahan, pembayaran terhadap masing-masing harus berdasarkan jasa dan atau praktik yang diberikan dan sudah diatur sebelum pelaksanaan pelayanan psikologi dilakukan. Psikolog dan atau Psikologi memastikan keakuratan data dan laporan pemeriksaan psikologi kepada pembayar jasa atau sumber.

Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi dapat menerima benda atau imbalan non uang dari pengguna layanan psikologi sebagai imbalan atas pelayanan psikologi yang diberikan hanya jika tidak bertentangan dengan kode etik dan pengaturan yang dihasilkan tidak eksploitatif. Standar ini tidak membatasi pendidik atau pelatih untuk memodifikasi isi program pendidikan atau persyaratan jika dari sisi pendidikan dipandang penting atau dibutuhkan, selama peserta didik diberitahukan akan adanya perubahan dalam rangka memungkinkan mereka untuk memenuhi persyaratan pendidikan.

Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi mengambil langkah yang tepat guna memastikan rencana pendidikan dan atau pelatihannya berdasar perkembangan kemajuan pengetahuan terkini dan sesuai dengan materi yang akan dibahas.

Hal tersebut tidak diberlakukan, kecuali jika :. Bila suatu terapi individual atau kelompok merupakan persyaratan dalam suatu program atau pengajaran, psikolog bertanggung jawab bahwa program terapi tersebut tersedia.

Terapi yang disyaratkan tersebut diberikan oleh praktisi atau ahli terapi dalam bidangnya yang tidak berhubungan dengan program atau pengajaran tersebut. Pengajar yang bertanggung jawab terhadap evaluasi dan prestasi akademik mahasiswa tidak boleh memberikan terapi yang disyaratkan. Informasi mengenai proses tersebut diberikan pada awal pengawasan. Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi dalam melaksanakan penelitian diawali dengan menyusun dan menuliskan rencana penelitian sedemikian rupa dalam proposal dan protokol penelitian sehingga dapat dipahami oleh pihak-pihak lain yang berkepentingan.

Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi membuat desain penelitian, melaksanakan, melaporkan hasilnya yang disusun sesuai dengan standar atau kompetensi ilmiah dan etik. Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi memperhatikan dan bertanggung jawab atas etika penelitian dalam merencanakan, melaksanakan dan melaporkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan atau yang dilakukan pihak lain di bawah bimbingannya.

Konsultasi yang dimaksud dapat meliputi yang berkaitan dengan kompetensi dan kewenangan misalnya badan-badan resmi pemerintah dan swasta, organisasi profesi lain, komite khusus, kelompok sejawat, kelompok seminat, atau melalui mekanisme lain. Dalam hal ini termasuk izin penelitian dari instansi terkait dan dari pemangku wewenang dari wilayah dan badan setempat yang menjadi lokasi.

Pelanggaran terhadap hal ini dan adanya tindakan penyalahgunaan wewenang dapat dikenai butir pelanggaran seperti tercantum dalam pasal dan bagian-bagian lain dari Kode Etik ini misalnya pelecehan seksual dan bentuk pelecehan lain. Sebelum pengambilan data penelitian tetapi setelah memperoleh izin penelitian Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi menjelaskan pada calon partisipan penelitian dengan menggunakan bahasa yang sederhana dan istilah-istilah yang dipahami masyarakat umum tentang penelitian yang akan dilakukan.

Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi menjelaskan kepada calon partisipan asas kesediaan sebagai partisipan penelitian yang menyatakan bahwa keikutsertaan dalam penelitian yang dilakukan bersifat sukarela, sehingga memungkinkan pengunduran diri atau penolakan untuk terlibat.

Partisipan harus menyatakan kesediaannya seperti yang dijelaskan pada pasal yang mengatur tentang itu. Dalam rangka mendapat persetujuan dari calon partisipan, Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi menjelaskan proses penelitian. Secara lebih terinci informasi yang penting untuk disampaikan adalah :.

Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi menjelaskan sifat dari penelitian tersebut, berikut risiko, kewajiban dan keterbatasannya. Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi sebelum merekam suara atau gambar Untuk pengumpulan data harus memperoleh izin tertulis dari partisipan penelitian. Persetujuan tidak diperlukan bila perekaman murni untuk kepentingan observasi alamiah di tempat umum dan diantisipasi tidak akan berimplikasi teridentifikasi atau terancamnya kesejahteraan atau keselamatan partisipan penelitian atau pihak-pihak terkait.

Bila pada suatu penelitian dibutuhkan perekaman tersembunyi, Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi melakukan perekaman dengan tetap meminimalkan risiko yang diantisipasi dapat terjadi pada partisipan, dan penjelasan mengenai kepentingan perekaman disampaikan dalam debriefing.

Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi tidak harus meminta persetujuan partisipan penelitian, hanya jika penelitian melibatkan individu secara anonim atau dengan kata lain tidak melibatkan individu secara pribadi dan diasumsikan tidak ada risiko gangguan pada kesejahteraan atau keselamatan, serta bahaya-bahaya lain pada partisipan penelitian atau pihak-pihak terkait.

Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi memperhatikan peraturan Negara dan standar profesional apabila menggunakan hewan sebagai objek penelitian. Standar profesional yang dimaksud diantaranya bekerjasama atau berkonsultasi dengan ahli yang kompeten. Hal-hal yang harus diperhatikan adalah:. Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi yang sedang melakukan penelitian dengan hewan perlu memastikan bahwa semua orang yang terlibat dalam penelitiannya telah menerima petunjuk mengenai metode penelitian, perawatan dan penanganan hewan yang digunakan, sebatas keperluan penelitian, dan sesuai perannya.

Hal tersebut dimaksudkan untuk menghindari kekeliruan penafsiran serta menyesatkan masyarakat pengguna jasa psikologi. Hal-hal yang harus diperhatikan adalah :. Ketentuan ini tidak termasuk data yang dipublikasi ulang jika disertai dengan penjelasan yang memadai. Untuk kepentingan ini, sejawat atau profesional lain yang memerlukan data tersebut wajib mengajukan persetujuan tertulis sebelumnya. Karya cipta yang dimaksud dapat berbentuk penelitian, buku teks, alat tes atau bentuk lainnya harus dihargai dan dalam pemanfaatannya memperhatikan ketentuan perundangan mengenai hak cipta atau hak intelektual yang berlaku.

Penyajian sebagian atau keseluruhan elemen substansial dari pekerjaan orang lain tidak dapat diklaim sebagai miliknya, termasuk bila pekerjaan atau sumber data lain itu sesekali disebutkan sebagai sumber.

Kepemilikan atas posisi struktural institusional, misalnya kepala bagian atau pemimpin lembaga, tidak membenarkan pencantuman nama yang bersangkutan bila ia memang tidak berkontribusi nyata dalam penelitian atau penulisan. Mahasiswa atau orang yang dibimbing tetap harus didaftar sebagai pengarang atau anggota tim pengarang bila publikasi tersebut merupakan karyanya. Artikel yang secara substansial disusun berdasarkan skripsi, tesis dan atau disertasi mahasiswa tetap harus mencantumkan nama mahasiswa tersebut.

Psikologi forensik adalah bidang psikologi yang berkaitan dan atau diaplikasikan dalam bidang hukum. Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi yang menjalankan tugas forensik memahami aturan hukum yang berlaku dan implikasinya terhadap peran dan wewenang mereka.

Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi menyadari adanya kemungkinan konflik antara kebutuhan untuk menyampaikan informasi dan pendapat, dengan keharusan mengikuti aturan hukum yang ditetapkan sesuai sistem hukum yang berlaku.

Psikolog dan atau ilmuwan Psikologi berusaha menyelesaikan konflik ini dengan menunjukkan komitmen terhadap kode etik dan mengambil langkah-langkah untuk mengatasi konflik ini dalam cara-cara yang dapat diterima.

Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi dapat melakukan penelitian di bidang forensik secara umum tetapi tidak terkait langsung dengan penanganan kasus di bidang psikologi forensik.

Penanganan kasus ini hanya dapat dilakukan oleh psikolog. Praktek Psikologi forensik tersebut meliputi pelaksanaan asesmen, evaluasi psikologis, penegakan diagnosa, konsultasi dan terapi psikologi serta intervensi psikologi lain dan hal-hal lain dalam kaitannya dengan proses hukum misalnya evaluasi psikologis bagi pelaku atau korban kriminal; sebagai saksi ahli; evaluasi kompetensi untuk hak pengasuhan anak; program asesmen, konsultasi dan terapi di lembaga pemasyarakatan, mediasi konflik.

Bila tidak dilakukan pemeriksaan menyeluruh karena keadaan tidak memungkinkan, Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi menjelaskan keterbatasan yang ada, serta melakukan langkah-langkah untuk membatasi implikasi dari kesimpulan atau rekomendasi yang dibuatnya. Bila tidak dilakukan pemeriksaan menyeluruh karena keadaan tidak memungkinkan, Psikolog menjelaskan keterbatasan yang ada, serta melakukan langkah-langkah untuk membatasi implikasi dari kesimpulan atau rekomendasi yang dibuatnya.

Bila kemungkinan terjadi konflik antara kebutuhan untuk menyampaikan pendapat dan keharusan mengikuti aturan hukum yang ditetapkan dalam kasus di pengadilan, psikolog berusaha menyelesaikan konflik ini dengan menunjukkan komitmen terhadap Kode Etik dan mengambil langkah-langkah untuk mengatasi konflik dengan cara-cara yang bisa diterima.

Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi harus mengindari untukmenjalankan peran majemuk. Bila peran majemuk terpaksa dilakukan kejelasan masing-masing peran harus ditegaskan sejak awal dan tetap berpegang teguh pada azas profesionalitas, obyektivitas serta mencegah dan meminimalkan kesalahpahaman.

Hal-hal yang harus diperhatikan bila peran majemuk terpaksa dilakukan :. Bila peran majemuk terpaksa dilakukan, misalnya sebagai konsultan atau ahli serta menjadi saksi di pengadilan, kejelasan masing-masing peran harus ditegaskan sejak awal bagi Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi, serta pihak-pihak terkait, untuk mempertahankan profesionalitas dan objektivitas, serta mencegah dan meminimalkan kesalahpahaman pihak-pihak lain sehubungan dengan peran majemuknya.

Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi harus tetap dapat bersikap profesional dalam memberikan pandangan serta menjaga atau meminimalkan terjadinya konflik antara berbagai pihak. Kurang dipahaminya kode etik tidak dapat menjadi alasan untuk mempertahankan diri ketika melakukan kesalahan atau pelanggaran. Asesmen Psikologi adalah dilaksanakannya prosedur observasi, wawancara, pemberian satu atau seperangkat instrumen atau alat tes yang bertujuan untuk melakukan penilaian dan atau pemeriksaan psikologi.

Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi menggunakan teknik asesmen psikologi, wawancara atau observasi, pemberian satu atau seperangkat instrumen tes dengan cara tepat mulai dari proses adaptasi, administrasi, penilaian atau skor, menginterpretasi untuk tujuan yang jelas baik dari sisi kewenangan sesuai dengan taraf jenjang pendidikan dan kompetensi yang disayratkan, penelitian, manfaat dan teknik penggunaan.

Hal-hal yang harus diperhatikan berkaitan dengan proses asesmen adalah :. Instrumen asesmen ditetapkan hanya dapat digunakan sesuai dengan populasi yang diujikan pada saat pengujian validitas dan reliabilitas.

Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi harus menjelaskan kekuatan dan kelemahan dari instrumen tersebut serta interpretasinya. Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi tidak mendasarkan keputusan asesmen, intervensi atau saran dari data hasil tes yang sudah kadaluarsa untuk digunakan pada saat sekarang.

Dalam kondisi relatif konstan hasil tes dapat berlaku untuk 2 tahun, namun dalam kondisi atau keperluan khusus harus dilakukan pengetesan kembali. Administrasi asesmen psikologi adalah pedoman prinsip dasar yang harus dipatuhi dalam melakukan proses asesmen psikologi. Termasuk dalam proses asesmen psikologi adalah observasi, wawancara dan pelaksanaan psikodiagnostik.

Tes ini dapat dilakukan oleh siapa saja non psychologist termasuk dalam kategori ini adalah vocational proficiency test. Asesmen psikologi perlu dilakukan oleh pihak-pihak yang memang berkualifikasi, perlu dihindari untuk menggunakan orang atau pekerja yang tidak memiliki kualifikasi memadai. Untuk mencegah asesmen psikologi oleh pihak yang tidak kompeten :.

Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi harus memperoleh persetujuan untuk melaksanakan asesmen, evaluasi, intervensi atau jasa diagnostik lain sebagaimana yang dinyatakan dalam standar informed consent , kecuali jika. Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi dalam menginterpretasi hasil asesmen psikologi harus mempertimbangkan berbagai faktor dari instrumen yang digunakan, karakteristik peserta asesmen seperti keadaan situasional yang bersangkutan, bahasa dan perbedaan budaya yang mungkin kesemua ini dapat mempengaruhi ketepatan interpretasi sehingga dapat mempengaruhi keputusan.

Data asesmen ini menjadi kewenangan Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi yang melakukan pemeriksaan. Jika diperlukan data asesmen dapat disampaikan kepada sesama profesi untuk kepentingan melakukan tindak lanjut bagi kesejahteraan individu yang menjalani pemeriksaan psikologi. Hasil asesmen menjadi kewenangan Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi yang melakukan pemeriksaan dan hasil dapat disampaikan kepada pengguna jasa.

Hasil ini juga dapat disampaikan kepada sesama profesi, profesi lain atau pihak lain sebagaimana yang ditetapkan oleh hukum. Hal yang harus diperhatikanadalah kemampuan bahasa dan istilah Psikologi yang dipahamipengguna jasa.

Oleh karena itu sebelum terapi dilaksanakan, psikolog sebagai terapis perlu mendapatkan persetujuan tertulis Informed Consent dari orang yang menjalani pemeriksaan psikologis, setelah mendapatkan informasi yang perlu diketahui terlebih dahulu.

Hal-hal yang perlu diinformasikan sebelum persetujuan terapi ditandatangani oleh orang yang akan menjalani terapi adalah sebagai berikut:Hal-hal yang perlu diantisipasi tentang terapi adalah:.

Ketika Psikolog memberikan jasa terapi pada beberapa orang yang memiliki hubungan keluarga atau pasangan misal : suami istri, significant others , atau orangtua dan anak maka perlu diperhatikan beberapa prinsip dan klarifikasi mengenai hal-hal sbb:. Lihat pasal 19 dan 20 tentang Kerahasiaan. Ketika Psikolog memberikan jasa praktik psikologi dan terutama terapi pada beberapa orang dalam suatu kelompok, psikolog harus menjelaskan peran dan tanggung jawab semua pihak serta batasan kerahasiaannya.

Psikolog saat memutuskan untuk menawarkan atau memberikan jasa kepada orang yang akan menjalani terapi yang sudah pernah mendapatkan terapi dari sejawat psikolog lain, harus mempertimbangkan hal-hal sebagai berikut :.

Psikolog saat menyepakati kontrak terapi dengan orang yang menjalani pemeriksaan psikologi sehingga terjadi hubungan profesional yang bersifat terapeutik, maka psikolog tersebut senantiasa berusaha menyiapkan langkah-langkah demi kesejahteraan orang yang menjalani terapi termasuk apabila terjadi hal-hal yang terpaksa mengakibatkan terjadinya penghentian terapi dan atau pengalihan kepada sejawat psikolog lain sebagai rujukan.

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Kode Etik Psikologi Indonesia.Uninstall quarkxpress 2016 free

Kode Etik Psikologi merupakan hasil nilai-nilai luhur yang terkandung dalam Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar , dilingkup Pendidikan Tinggi telah menghasilkan Psikolog dan Ilmuwan Psikologi, yang senantiasa menghargai dan menghormati harkat maupun martabat manusia serta menjunjung tinggi terpeliharanya hak-hak asasi manusia.

Oleh karena itu, Psikolog dan Ilmuwan Psikologi selalu melandaskan diri pada nilai-nilai tersebut dalam kegiatannya pada bidang pendidikan, penelitian, pengabdian diri serta pelayanan dalam rangka meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang perilaku manusia, baik dalam bentuk pemahaman bagi dirinya maupun pihak lain, serta memanfaatkan pengetahuan dan kompetensinya bagi kesejahteraan umat manusia.

Kenyataan yang seperti itu, telah menuntut kesadaran dan tanggungjawab bagi Psikolog dan Ilmuwan Psikologi untuk selalu berupaya menjamin kesejahteraan umat manusia dan memberikan perlindungan kepada masyarakat pengguna jasa dan praktik psikologi, serta semua pihak yang terkait dengan jasa dan praktik psikologi atau pihak yang menjadi objek dari studinya. Pengetahuan, kompetensi, ketrampilan dan pengalaman yang dimiliki Psikolog dan Ilmuwan Psikologi, hendaknya hanya digunakan bagi tujuan yang mendasarkan pada prinsip yang taat asas dan nilai-nilai luhur Pancasila dan Undang-undang Dasar serta nilai-nilai kemanusiaan pada umumnya, dengan disertai upaya-upaya untuk mencegah penyalahgunaan yang dilakukan oleh komunitas psikologi dan pihak lain.

Tuntutan kebebasan dalam menyelidiki dan mengkomunikasikanhasil kegiatan di bidang penelitian, pengajaran, pelatihan, jasa dan praktik psikologi, maka hasil konsultasi dan publikasinya harus dapat dipahami oleh Psikolog dan Ilmuwan Psikologi dengan penuh tanggung jawab. Kompetensi dan obyektivitas dalam menerapkan kemampuan profesional sesuai dengan bidangnya sangat terikat dan memperhatikan pemakai jasa, rekan sejawat serta masyarakat pada umumnya.

Oleh karena itu, pengguna jasa dan atau praktik psikologi tanpa dibedakan oleh latarbelakang dan karakteristik khususnya, harus mendapatkan layanan dan memperoleh keuntungan dalam kualitas yang setara dalam hal proses, prosedur dan layanan yang dilakukan. Tindakan yang dilakukan oleh seorang Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi yang tidak dalam kondisi yang sesuai dengan standar prosedur yang telah ditetapkan, sehingga mengakibatkan kerugian. Tindakan yang dilakukan oleh Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi karena kelalaiannya dalam melaksanakan proses maupun penanganan yang tidak sesuai dengan standar prosedur yang telah ditetapkan mengakibatkan kerugian bagi salah satu tersebut di bawah ini:.

Tindakan yang dilakukan oleh Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi yang secara sengaja memanipulasi tujuan, proses maupun hasil yang mengakibatkan kerugian bagi salah satu di bawah ini:. Apabila konflik tidak dapat diselesaikan dengan cara tersebut, Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi diharapkan patuh terhadap tuntutan hukum, peraturan atau otoritas hukum lainnya yang berlaku.

Pelaporan pelanggaran ditujukan kepada Himpunan Psikologi Indonesia untuk nantinya diserahkan kepada Majelis Psikologi Indonesia.

Mekanisme pelaporan secara detail akan diatur dalam mekanisme tersendiri. Kerjasama tersebut dapat dilakukan dalam pelaksanaan tindakan investigasi, proses penyidikan dan persyaratan yang diperlukan untuk dapat mencapai hasil yang diharapkan dengan memanfaatkan sistem di dalamorganisasi yang ada. Dalam pelaksanaannya diusahakan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan yang ada dengan tetap memegang teguh prinsip kerahasiaan. Berdasarkanketerangan anggota yang bersangkutan dan data-data lain yang berhasil dikumpulkan, maka Majelis Psikologi akan mengambil keputusan tentang permasalahan pelanggaran tersebut.

Himpunan Psikologi Indonesia dan Majelis Psikologitidak menolak siapapun yang mengeluh karena terkena pelanggaran etika yang didasarkan pada fakta-fakta yang jelas dan masuk akal. Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi wajib melaksanakan upaya-upaya yang berkesinambungan guna mempertahankan dan meningkatkan kompetensi mereka. Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi dalam pengambilan keputusan harus berdasar pada pengetahuan ilmiah dan sikap profesional yang sudah teruji dan diterima secara luas atau universaldalam disiplin ilmu psikologi.

Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi yang mendelegasikan pekerjaan pada asisten, mahasiswa, mahasiswa yang disupervisi, asisten penelitian, asisten pengajaran, atau kepada jasa orang lain seperti penterjemah; perlu mengambil langkah-langkah yang tepat untuk:. Dalam hal ini Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi mampu menahan diri dari tindakan yang dapat merugikan pengguna layanan psikologi serta pihak-pihak lain, sebagai akibat dari masalah dan atau konflik pribadi tersebut.

Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi harus menentukan akan membatasi, menangguhkan, atau menghentikan kewajiban layanan psikologi tersebut. Karenanya Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi yang belum memiliki kompetensi dalam bidang tersebut dapat memberikan layanan psikologi untuk memastikan bahwa kebutuhanlayanan psikologi tersebut tidak ditolak.

Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi dalam penerapan keilmuannya tidak terlibat dalam pelecehan seksual. Tercakup dalam pengertian ini adalah permintaan hubungan seks, cumbuan fisik, perilaku verbal atau non verbal yang bersifat seksual, yang terjadi dalam kaitannya dengan kegiatan atau peran sebagai Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi.

Perilaku yang dimaksud dalam pengertian ini adalah tindakan atau perbuatan yang dianggap:. Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi tidak diperkenankan secara sadar terlibat dalam perilaku yang melecehkan atau meremehkan individu yang berinteraksi dengan mereka dalam pekerjaan mereka, baik atas dasar usia, gender, ras, suku, bangsa, agama, orientasi seksual, kecacatan, bahasa atau status sosial-ekonomi.

Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi mengambil langkah-langkah yang masuk akal untuk menghindari munculnya dampak buruk bagi pengguna layanan psikologi serta pihak-pihak lain yang terkait dengan kerja mereka serta meminimalkan dampak buruk untuk hal-hal yang tak terhindarkan tetapi dapat diantisipasi sebelumnya. Dalam hal seperti ini, maka pemakai layanan psikologi serta pihak-pihak lain yang terlibat harus mendapat informasi tentang kemungkinan-kemungkinan tersebut.

Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi menghindar dari melakukan peran profesional apabila kepentingan pribadi, ilmiah, profesional, hukum, finansial, kepentingan atau hubungan lain diperkirakan akan merusak objektivitas, kompetensi, atau efektivitas mereka dalam menjalankan fungsi sebagai Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi atau berdampak buruk bagi pengguna layanan psikologi serta pihak-pihak yang terkait dengan pengguna layanan psikologi tersebut.

Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi tidak melakukan hal-hal yang dianggap mengandung unsur pemanfaatan atau eksploitasi data dari mereka yang sedang disupervisi, dievaluasi, atau berada di bawah wewenang mereka, seperti mahasiswa, karyawan, partisipan penelitian, pengguna jasa dan atau praktik psikologi ataupun mereka yang berada di bawah penyeliaannya dimana data tersebut digunakan atau dimanipulasi digunakan untuk kepentingan pribadi. Hubungan sebagaimana tercantum pada 1 dan 2 harus dihindari karena sangat mempengaruhi penilaian masyarakat padaPsikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi ataupun mengarah pada eksploitasi.

Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi memiliki dua jenis bentuk hubungan profesional yaitu hubungan antar profesi yaitu dengan sesama Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi serta hubungan dengan profesi lain. Setiap proses penelitian atau pemeriksaan psikologi yang melibatkan manusiaharusdisertai dengan informed consent.

Aspek-aspek yang perlu dicantumkan dalam informed consent adalah:. Dalam konteks Indonesia pada masyarakat tertentu yang mungkin terbatas pendidikannya atau yang mungkin rentan memberikan informed consent secara tertulis maka informed consent dapat dilakukan secara lisan dan direkam. Informed consent yang berkaitan dengan proses penelitian psikologi terdapat pada pasal 42 sedangkan yang berkait dengan asesmen psikologi terdapat pada pasal 55 dan yang berkaitan dengan terapi psikologi pada pasal 60 dalam kode etik ini.

Apabila Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi dilarang oleh organisasi peminta layanan untuk memberikan hasil informasi kepada orang yang menjalani pemeriksaan psikologi, maka hal tersebut harus diinformasikan sejak awal proses pemberian layanan psikologi berlangsung.

Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi menyadari pentingnya perencanaan kegiatan dan menyiapkan langkah-langkah yang perlu dilakukan bila terjadi hal-hal yang dapat menyebabkan pelayanan psikologi mengalami penghentian, terpaksa dihentikan atau dialihkan kepada pihak lain.

Sebelum layanan psikologi dialihkan atau dihentikan pelayanan tersebut dengan alasan apapun, hendaknya dibahas bersama antara Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi dengan penerima layanan psikologi kecuali kondisinya tidak memungkinkan.

Jenis Rekam Psikologi adalah rekam psikologi lengkap dan rekam psikologi terbatas. Pelaksanaan dalam hal ini harus di bawah pengawasannya, yang dapat dalam bentuk tertulis atau lainnya. Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi wajib memegang teguh rahasia yang menyangkut klien atau pengguna layanan psikologi dalam hubungan dengan pelaksanaan kegiatannya.

Penggunaan keterangan atau data mengenai pengguna layanan psikologi atau orang yang menjalani pemeriksaan psikologi yang diperoleh Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi dalam rangka pemberian layanan Psikologi, hendaknya mematuhi hal-hal sebagai berikut;.

Dalam kondisi tersebut indentitas orang yang menjalani pemeriksaan psikologi tetap dijaga kerahasiaannya. Seandainya data orang yang menjalani layanan jasa dan atau praktik psikologi harus dimasukkan ke data dasar data base atau sistem pencatatan yang dapat diakses pihak lain yang tidak dapat diterima oleh yang bersangkutan maka Ilmuwan Psikologi dan atau Psikolog harus menggunakan kode atau cara lain yang dapat melindungi orang tersebut dari kemungkinan untuk bisa dikenali.

Data hasil pemberian layanan psikologi hanya dapat digunakan untuk tujuan ilmiah atau profesional. Ilmuwan Psikologi dan Psikolog tidak saling berbagi untuk hal-hal yang seharusnya menjadi rahasia pengguna layanan psikologi peserta riset, atau pihak manapun yang menjalani pemeriksaan psikologi , kecuali dengan izin yang bersangkutan atau pada situasi dimana kerahasiaan itu memang tidak mungkin ditutupi.

Saling berbagi informasi hanya diperbolehkan kalau diperlukan untuk pencapaian tujuan konsultasi, itupun sedapat mungkin tanpa menyebutkan identitas atau cara pengungkapan lain yang dapat dikenali sebagai indentitas pihak tertentu. Dalam hal ini, pencatatan atau pemotongan pajak mengikuti aturan sesuai hukum yang berlaku. Data dan informasi hasil pemeriksaan psikologi bila diperlukan untuk kepentingan pendidikan, data harus disajikan sebagaimana adanya dengan menyamarkan nama orang atau lembaga yang datanya digunakan.

Iklan dan Pernyataan publik yang dimaksud dalam pasal ini dapat berhubungan dengan jasa, produk atau publikasi profesional Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi di bidang psikologi, mencakup iklan yang dibayar atau tidak dibayar, brosur, barang cetakan, daftar direktori, resume pribadi atau curriculum vitae, wawancara atau komentar yang dimuat dalam media, pernyataan dalam buku, hasil seminar, lokakarya, pertemuan ilmiah, kuliah, presentasi lisan di depan publik, dan materi-materi lain yang diterbitkan.

Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi dalam memberikan keterangan pada publik melalui media cetak atau elektronik harus berhati-hati untuk memastikan bahwa pernyataan tersebut:.

Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi dalam menjelaskan kemampuan atau keahliannya harus bersikap jujur, wajar, bijaksana dan tidak berlebihan dengan memperhatikan ketentuan yang berlaku untuk menghindari kekeliruan penafsiran di masyarakat.

Psikolog dan atau Psikologi memastikan keakuratan data dan laporan pemeriksaan psikologi kepada pembayar jasa atau sumber. Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi dapat menerima benda atau imbalan non uang dari pengguna layanan psikologi sebagai imbalan atas pelayanan psikologi yang diberikan hanya jika tidak bertentangan dengan kode etik dan pengaturan yang dihasilkan tidak eksploitatif. Standar ini tidak membatasi pendidik atau pelatih untuk memodifikasi isi program pendidikan atau persyaratan jika dari sisi pendidikan dipandang penting atau dibutuhkan, selama peserta didik diberitahukan akan adanya perubahan dalam rangka memungkinkan mereka untuk memenuhi persyaratan pendidikan.

Terapi yang disyaratkan tersebut diberikan oleh praktisi atau ahli terapi dalam bidangnya yang tidak berhubungan dengan program atau pengajaran tersebut.

Pengajar yang bertanggung jawab terhadap evaluasi dan prestasi akademik mahasiswa tidak boleh memberikan terapi yang disyaratkan. Informasi mengenai proses tersebut diberikan pada awal pengawasan. Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi dalam melaksanakan penelitian diawali dengan menyusun dan menuliskan rencana penelitian sedemikian rupa dalam proposal dan protokol penelitian sehingga dapat dipahami oleh pihak-pihak lain yang berkepentingan.

Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi membuat desain penelitian, melaksanakan, melaporkan hasilnya yang disusun sesuai dengan standar atau kompetensi ilmiah dan etik.

Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi memperhatikan dan bertanggung jawab atas etika penelitian dalam merencanakan, melaksanakan dan melaporkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan atau yang dilakukan pihak lain di bawah bimbingannya. Konsultasi yang dimaksud dapat meliputi yang berkaitan dengan kompetensi dan kewenangan misalnya badan-badan resmi pemerintah dan swasta, organisasi profesi lain, komite khusus, kelompok sejawat, kelompok seminat, atau melalui mekanisme lain.

Dalam hal ini termasuk izin penelitian dari instansi terkait dan dari pemangku wewenang dari wilayah dan badan setempat yang menjadi lokasi. Pelanggaran terhadap hal ini dan adanya tindakan penyalahgunaan wewenang dapat dikenai butir pelanggaran seperti tercantum dalam pasal dan bagian-bagian lain dari Kode Etik ini misalnya pelecehan seksual dan bentuk pelecehan lain.

Sebelum pengambilan data penelitian tetapi setelah memperoleh izin penelitian Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi menjelaskan pada calon partisipan penelitian dengan menggunakan bahasa yang sederhana dan istilah-istilah yang dipahami masyarakat umum tentang penelitian yang akan dilakukan.

Dalam rangka mendapat persetujuan dari calon partisipan, Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi menjelaskan proses penelitian. Secara lebih terinci informasi yang penting untuk disampaikan adalah :. Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi menjelaskan sifat dari penelitian tersebut, berikut risiko, kewajiban dan keterbatasannya. Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi sebelum merekam suara atau gambar Untuk pengumpulan data harus memperoleh izin tertulis dari partisipan penelitian.

Persetujuan tidak diperlukan bila perekaman murni untuk kepentingan observasi alamiah di tempat umum dan diantisipasi tidak akan berimplikasi teridentifikasi atau terancamnya kesejahteraan atau keselamatan partisipan penelitian atau pihak-pihak terkait. Bila pada suatu penelitian dibutuhkan perekaman tersembunyi, Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi melakukan perekaman dengan tetap meminimalkan risiko yang diantisipasi dapat terjadi pada partisipan, dan penjelasan mengenai kepentingan perekaman disampaikan dalam debriefing.

Penelitian yang tidak harus memerlukan persetujuan partisipan antara lain adalah:. Penjelasan harus diberikan sedini mungkin agar calon partisipan dapat mengambil keputusan yang terbaik untuk terlibat atau tidak dalam penelitian. Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi memperhatikan peraturan Negara dan standar profesional apabila menggunakan hewan sebagai objek penelitian. Standar profesional yang dimaksud diantaranya bekerjasama atau berkonsultasi dengan ahli yang kompeten.

Hal-hal yang harus diperhatikan adalah:. Psikolog dan atau Ilmuwan Psikologi yang sedang melakukan penelitian dengan hewan perlu memastikan bahwa semua orang yang terlibat dalam penelitiannya telah menerima petunjuk mengenai metode penelitian, perawatan dan penanganan hewan yang digunakan, sebatas keperluan penelitian, dan sesuai perannya. Hal tersebut dimaksudkan untuk menghindari kekeliruan penafsiran serta menyesatkan masyarakat pengguna jasa psikologi.

Hal-hal yang harus diperhatikan adalah :. Ketentuan ini tidak termasuk data yang dipublikasi ulang jika disertai dengan penjelasan yang memadai. Untuk kepentingan ini, sejawat atau profesional lain yang memerlukan data tersebut wajib mengajukan persetujuan tertulis sebelumnya.

Karya cipta yang dimaksud dapat berbentuk penelitian, buku teks, alat tes atau bentuk lainnya harus dihargai dan dalam pemanfaatannya memperhatikan ketentuan perundangan mengenai hak cipta atau hak intelektual yang berlaku.

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